Dr Kasia Malinowska, PhD, is the director of the Global Drug Policy Program at the Open Society Foundations. She previously led the Open Society’s International Harm Reduction Development program, which supports the health and human rights of people who use drugs. Previously Dr Malinowska worked for the United Nations Development Program, leading capacity building and drug and HIV policy reform in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Her academic publications include works in the Lancet, the British Medical Journal, and the International Journal on Drug Policy. She coauthored Poland’s first National AIDS program; helped formulate policy at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; the World Health Organization; and the Millennium Project Task Force on HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria.